Talk:Arabesque and Sardinia: Difference between pages

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Sardinia is an island in the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy, France and Spain, south of Corsica.

It is called "Sardigna" or "Sardinna" in Sardinian language, "Sardegna" in italian, and was called "Ichnusa" by Phoenicians and "Sandalyon" by Greeks because of its shape, recalling a footprint.

It is an Autonomous Region of Italy. The regional capital is Cagliari/Casteddu (about 220,000 inhabitants). The Region is divided into four provinces (Cagliari, Sassari, Nuoro and Oristano), but another four have been recently created in the latest 2001 (Olbia-Tempio, Ogliastra, Sulcis-Iglesiente and Medio Campidano) and will be working possibily during this decade.

Important towns:

Sassari/Tathari (about 120,000 inhabitants),

Nuoro/Nugoro,

Oristano/Aristanis,

Olbia/Terranoa,

Tempio Pausania/Tempiu,

Alghero/L'Alguer,

Ozieri/Othieri,

Iglesias/Igresias,

Carbonia/Crabonia,

Quartu Sant’Elena/Quartu Santa Aleni,

Siniscola,

Macomer,

Gavoi/Fonni.

Plenty of extraordinary tourist areas. Costa Smeralda, Gennargentu among all.

During 18th century Sardinia was an independent kingdom. At the time of Italian reunification in 1860, the King of Sardinia became King of Italy. See /History

The language of Sardinia is Sardinian, a Romance language with obscure origins in phoenician, etruscan and oriental roots. It has been significantly supplanted by Italian for official purposes, and it is completely unknown by some youth groups, specially in lower census of Cagliari, while it's still the main national language (Sardinians identify themselves as a People and as a Nation) in facts.

Currency is now Euro (being part of Italy), but Sardinians will still refer to "su Francu" or "su Pidzu": 1 Francu = 1,000 Old Italian Liras.

In the age from Neolithic to roman, the Nuragic civilisation took place in the island. Still today, more than 7,000 "Nuraghe" survive.

/History

/Touristic_destinations

/Traditions

/Famous_people

Archaeological and artistic sites

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+'''Sardinia''' is an island in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], between [[Italy]], [[France]] and [[Spain]], south of [[Corsica]].
-Hi Maveric -- hope you aren't '''too''' offended that I removed the following -- Here's why:
+It is called "Sardigna" or "Sardinna" in Sardinian language, "Sardegna" in italian, and was called "Ichnusa" by Phoenicians and "Sandalyon" by Greeks because of its shape, recalling a footprint.
+It is an Autonomous Region of [[Italy]]. The regional capital is [[Cagliari]]/Casteddu (about 220,000 inhabitants). The Region is divided into four provinces (Cagliari, Sassari, Nuoro and Oristano), but another four have been recently created in the latest 2001 (Olbia-Tempio, [[Ogliastra]], [[Sulcis]]-Iglesiente and Medio [[Campidano]]) and will be working possibily during this decade.
-*It seemed too much like original research
-*that many citations can end up getting lost in edits
-* I really though it would be better to frame the article as 'what is x, further description of x' for now, until the interpretive part can be re-written in a more concise way that doesn't rely on citations :-) [[J Hofmann Kemp]]
+Important towns:
-=== Form ===
+:[[Sassari]]/Tathari (about 120,000 inhabitants),
-Islamic art, more properly called The Arabesque, is an elaborate application of repeating [[geometry|geometric]] forms. These forms, taken together, constitute an infinite pattern that extends beyond the visible material world. To the Muslim, they in fact symbolize the infinite and therefore, uncentralized nature of the One God's creation. Furthermore, the Islamic Arabesque artist conveys a definite spirituality without the iconography of [[Christian art]] (Wade, page 7).
+:[[Nuoro]]/Nugoro,
+:[[Oristano]]/Aristanis,
+:[[Olbia]]/Terranoa,
+:[[Tempio Pausania]]/Tempiu,
+:[[Alghero]]/L'Alguer,
+:[[Ozieri]]/Othieri,
+:[[Iglesias]]/Igresias,
+:[[Carbonia]]/Crabonia,
+:[[Quartu Sant’Elena]]/Quartu Santa Aleni,
+:[[Siniscola]],
+:[[Macomer]],
+:[[Gavoi]]/Fonni.
+Plenty of extraordinary tourist areas.
+[[Costa Smeralda]], [[Gennargentu]] among all.
+During 18th century Sardinia was an independent kingdom. At the time of Italian reunification in 1860, the King of Sardinia became King of Italy. See [[Sardinia/History|/History]]
-== Role ===
-The Arabesque can also be equally thought of as both art and science. The artwork is at the same time, mathematically precise, aesthetically pleasing, and symbolic. So due to this duality of creation, the artistic part of this equation can be further subdivided into both secular & religious artwork. However, for the Muslim there is no distinction; all forms of art, the natural world, mathematics and science are all creations of God and therefore are reflections of the same thing (God's will expressed through His Creation). In other words, man can discover the geometric forms that constitute The Arabesque, but they had always existed before as God's creation (Wade, page 7).
-=== Background ===
-"There is no god but God and [[Mohammed]] is His messenger" Creed of the [[Umma]] (Islamic Community)
-The prevalence of calligraphy and geometric forms in Islamic art is also due in part to an edict forbidding iconography uttered by the Prophet Mohammed (known as rasul Allah, the messenger of God -- Amer, lectures).  Specifically, he states that during the Day of Last Judgment, God will ask such artists (iconographers) to breath life into their artwork. When they fail to do so, they will be condemned to hell.
-The reason for this edict was to illustrate that only the One True God is capable of creating the material world. In fact the Arabic word for to-create, to-form and to-fashion are all the same. God, or Allah in the Arabic, is therefore both a divine Creator and a Musawwir, which means painter or artist (Wade, page 9). It is therefore absolute Hubris for an artist to even attempt to emulate any part of the material world in any sort of realistic way.
+The language of Sardinia is [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]], a [[Romance language]] with obscure origins in [[phoenician]], [[etruscan]] and oriental roots.
+It has been significantly supplanted by Italian for official purposes, and it is completely unknown by some youth groups, specially in lower census of Cagliari, while it's still the main national language (Sardinians identify themselves as a People and as a Nation) in facts.
+Currency is now [[Euro]] (being part of Italy), but Sardinians will still refer to "su Francu" or "su Pidzu": 1 Francu = 1,000 Old Italian Liras.
-=== Order and Unity ===
-Furthermore, the best artwork that can be created by man is artwork that displays the underlying order and unity of nature. However, the order and unity of the material world is a mere ghostly approximation of the Spiritual World (which for many Muslims is the place where the only True reality exists).  Discovered geometric forms, therefore, exemplify this perfect reality (since God's creation has been obscured by the sins of man).
+In the age from Neolithic to roman, the [[Nuragic civilisation]] took place in the island. Still today, more than 7,000 "[[Nuraghe]]" survive.
-In fact, [[Sufi]] Muslims believe that there is no distinction between the spiritual and material worlds. And that the reason we cannot experience the Spiritual world,
-is that there are 'veils of concealment' that shield us from the perfection of the Spiritual world (they therefore work to lift these veils, in order to become one with God while they are still on Earth -- Amer, lectures).
-Another aspect of Islam is the Unity that binds it together. Unlike the divisiveness that characterizes
-Christianity, the Muslim world is remarkably cohesive. This of course, can be seen in the utter similarity
-between Arabesque artwork from very different geographic regions. In fact, the similarities are so pronounced, that it is sometimes difficult for experts to tell where a given style of Arabesque comes from (Petsopoulos, page 12). The reason for this is that the science & mathematics that are used to construct Arabesque artwork are universal. So this, along with Islamic Divine Law or [[Sharia]], come together to form the glue that binds the [[Umma]] or Islamic Community together into a coherent whole (Wade, page 9).
-=== History ===
+[[Sardinia/History|/History]]
-However, geometric artwork in the form of the Arabesque was not widely used in the Islamic world until an [[Arabic renaissance]] came into full bloom. During this time, ancient texts were translated from their original Greek and Latin into Arabic. Like the following [[renaissance]] in Europe, Math, Science, Literature and History were infused into the Islamic world with great repercussions.
-The works of [[Plato]] and especially of [[Euclid]] became popular among the literate. In fact, it was Euclid's geometry along with the foundations of trigonometry codified by [[Pythagoras]]' that became the impetus of the art form that was to become the Arabesque.
+[[Sardinia/Touristic_destinations|/Touristic_destinations]]
-Plato's ideas about the existence of a separate reality that was perfect in form and function and crystalline in character also would contribute to the development of the Arabesque (Wade, page 10).
+[[Sardinia/Traditions|/Traditions]]
+[[Sardinia/Famous_people|/Famous_people]]
------
-Bibliography
+[[Sardinia/Archaeological_and_artistic_sites|Archaeological and artistic sites]]
-Amer, M. Lectures: ''Cultures of the Islamic World''
-(Sacramento: CSUS, Spring 2000)
-Bourgoin, J. ''Arabic Geometrical Pattern and Design''
-(New York: Dover Publications, 1973)
-Humbert, C. Islamic Ornamental Design
-(New York: Hastings House, 1980)
-Petsopoulos, Y. Arabesques and Turbans: "Decorative Arts from the Ottoman Empire" (New York: Abbevile Press, 1982)
-Wade, D. Pattern in Islamic Art
-(Lonon: Studio Vista, 1976)