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'''Venice''' (''Venezia'') is a city in the north-east of [[Italy]] at the head of the [[Adriatic Sea]], and the capital of the region of Veneto. |
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See |
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* [[Venice, Italy]] |
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It was founded in the [[5th century]] A.D. by people fleeing the invasions of Italy which were taking place at that time. It was an independent [[city state]] (Repubblica Marinara - the other 3 were [[Genoa]], [[Pisa]], [[Amalfi]]) for 1070 years until occupied by [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] on [[May 12]], [[1797]]. On October 12 Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campoformido ceding Venice to the [[Austria]]ns who took control of the city on [[January 18]], [[1798]]. The French conqueror brought to an end the most fascinating century of its history: it was the "Settecento" that Venice became perhaps the most elegant and refined town in [[Europe]], influencing art, architecture, and literature. |
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* [[Venice, California]] |
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Venice is famous for its canals. It is built on an [[archipelago]] of more than 100 islands in a shallow lagoon. In the ancient classical center, the canals serve the function of roads and every form of transport is exclusively on water. The classical Venetian boat is the "gondola", although it is now mostly used by tourists, or for weddings and funerals or other ceremonies, due to its cost; most Venetian now travel by motorised waterbuses ("vaporetti") or private boats. |
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The buildings of Venice are built on closely spaced poles, or pilings, which penetrate through alternating layers of clay and sand. Most of these pilings are intact after centuries of submersion. The foundations rest on the pilings, and buildings of brick or stone sit above these footings. The buiildings are often threatened during the flood tides pushing in from the Adriatic between autumn and early spring. |
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Some recent studies would allow to hope that the city is no longer sinking, but a sure certitude about this point hasn't been achieved yet, therefore the alert-state has not been revoked. The town council, on the contrary, is still studying on defensive plans, one of which would require the building of artificial bareers in the sea to break the strengh of waves. |
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The sinking effect was most visible in the 20th century when many artesian wells were sunk into the periphery of the lagoon to draw water for local industry. It was realised that this practice was leading to a sinking effect, which has since slowed to very low values since the artesian wells were banned in the [[1960s]]. However, the city is threatened by more frequent low level floods (so-called ''Acqua alta'', "high water") that creep to a height of several centimetres over its quays, regularly following certain tides. |
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Venice is served by the [[Marco Polo]] Airport, ''Aeroporto di Venezia [[Marco Polo]]'', named in honor of its famous citizen. |
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Many works in art recall Venice: most famous is perhaps "[[Othello]]". |
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<B>Places of note</b> |
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*[[Piazza San Marco, Venice|Piazza San Marco]] |
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*[[Basilica di San Marco,Venice|Basilica di San Marco]] |
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*[[Doges Palace|Doge's Palace]] |
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*[[The Bridge of Sighs]] |
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*[[Palazzo Grassi]] |
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*[[Giudecca]] |
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*Minor islands of [[Burano]] and [[Murano]] |
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'''Doges of Venice''' and the years in which each took office. |
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:1-- [[Paolo Lucio Anafesto]], ([[697]]) |
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:2-- [[Marcello Tegalliano]], ([[717]]) |
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:3-- [[Orso Ipato]], ([[726]]) |
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:4-- [[Teodato Ipato]], ([[742]]) |
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:5-- [[Galla]], ([[755]]) |
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:6-- [[Domenico Monegario]], ([[756]]) |
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:7-- [[Maurizio Galbaio]], ([[764]]) |
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:8-- [[Giovanni Galbaio]], ([[787]]) |
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:9-- [[Obelerio Antenoreo]], ([[804]]) |
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:10- [[Angelo Participazio]], ([[809]]) |
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:11- [[Giustiniano Participazio]], ([[827]]) |
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:12- [[Giovanni I Participazio]], ([[829]]) |
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:13- [[Pietro Tradonico]], ([[837]]) |
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:14- [[Orso I Participazio]], [[864]]) |
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:15- [[Giovanni II Participazio]], ([[881]]) |
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:16- [[Pietro I Candiano]], ([[887]]) |
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:17- [[Pietro Tribuno]], ([[888]]) |
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:18- [[Orso II Participazio]], [[912]]) |
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:19- [[Pietro II Candiano]], ([[932]]) |
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:20- [[Pietro Partcipazio]], ([[939]]) |
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:21- [[Pietro III Candiano]], ([[942]]) |
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:22- [[Pietro IV Candiano]], ([[959]]) |
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:23- [[Pietro I Oseolo]], ([[976]]) |
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:24- [[Vitale Candiano]], ([[978]]) |
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:25- [[Tribuno Memmo]], ([[979]]) |
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:26- [[Pietro II Oseolo]], ([[991]]) |
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:27- [[Ottone Orseolo]], ([[1009]]) |
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:28- [[Pietro Barbolano]], ([[1026]]) |
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:29- [[Domenico Flabanico]], ([[1032]]) |
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:30- [[Domenico Contarini]], ([[1043]]) |
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:31- [[Domenico Selvo]], ([[1071]]) |
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:32- [[Vital Faliero de' Doni]], ([[1084]]) |
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:33- [[Vital I Michele]], ([[1096]]) |
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:34- [[Ordelafo Faliero]], ([[1102]]) |
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:35- [[Domenico Michele]], ([[1117]]) |
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:36- [[Pietro Polani]], ([[1130]]) |
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:37- [[Domenico Morosini]], ([[1148]]) |
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:38- [[Vital II Michele]], ([[1156]]) |
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:39- [[Sebastian Ziani]], ([[1172]]) |
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:40- [[Orio Mastropiero]], ([[1178]]) |
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:41- [[Enrico Dandolo]], ([[1192]]) |
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:42- [[Pietro Ziani]], ([[1205]]) |
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:43- [[Jacopo Tiepolo]], ([[1229]]) |
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:44- [[Marino Merosini]], ([[1249]]) |
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:45- [[Reniero Zeno]], ([[1252]]) |
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:46- [[Lorenzo Tiepolo]], ([[1268]]) |
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:47- [[Jacopo Contarini]], ([[1275]]) |
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:48- [[Giovanni Dandolo]], ([[1280]]) |
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:49- [[Pietro Gradenigo]], ([[1289]]) |
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:50- [[Marino Zorzi]], ([[1311]]) |
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:51- [[Giovanni Soranzo]], ([[1312]]) |
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:52- [[Francesco Dandolo]], ([[1328]]) |
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:53- [[Bartolomeo Gradenigo]], ([[1339]]) |
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:54- [[Andrea Dandolo]], ([[1342]]) |
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:55- [[Marino Faliero]], ([[1354]]) |
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:56- [[Giovanni Gradenigo]], ([[1355]]) |
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:57- [[Giovanni Delfino]], ([[1356]]) |
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:58- [[Lorenzo Celsi]], ([[1361]]) |
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:59- [[Marco Cornaro]], ([[1365]]) |
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:60- [[Andrea Contarini]], ([[1367]]) |
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:61- [[Michele Morosini]], ([[1382]]) |
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:62- [[Antonio Veniero]], ([[1382]]) |
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:63- [[Michele Steno]], ([[1400]]) |
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:64- [[Tommaso Mocenigo]], ([[1413]]) |
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:65- [[Francesco Foscari]], ([[1423]]) |
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:66- [[Pasqual Malipiero]], ([[1457]]) |
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:67- [[Cristoforo Moro]], ([[1462]]) |
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:68- [[Nicolo Trono]], ([[1476]]) |
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:69- [[Nicolo Marcello]], ([[1473]]) |
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:70- [[Pietro Mocenigo]], ([[1474]]) |
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:71- [[Andrea Vendramino]], ([[1476]]) |
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:72- [[Giovanni Mocenigo]], ([[1478]]) |
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:73- [[Marco Barbarigo]], ([[1485]]) |
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:74- [[Agostin Barbarigo]], ([[1486]]) |
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:75- [[Leonardo Loredano]], ([[1501]]) |
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:76- [[Antonio Grimani]], ([[1521]]) |
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:77- [[Andrea Gritti]], ([[1523]]) |
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:78- [[Pietro Lando]], ([[1538]]) |
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:79- [[Francesco Donato]], ([[1545]]) |
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:80- [[Marcantonio Trivisano]], ([[1553]]) |
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:81- [[Francesco Veniero]], ([[1554]]) |
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:82- [[Lorenzo Priuli]], ([[1556]]) |
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:83- [[Giorolamo Priuli]], ([[1559]]) |
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:84- [[Pietro Loredano]], ([[1567]]) |
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:85- [[Alvise Mocenigo]], ([[1570]]) |
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:86- [[Sebastiano Veniero]], ([[1577]]) |
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:87- [[Nicolò da Ponte]], ([[1578]]) |
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:88- [[Pasqual Cicogna]], ([[1585]]) |
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:89. [[Marino Grimani]], ([[1595]]) |
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:90- [[Leonardo Donato]], ([[1606]]) |
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:91- [[Marcantonio Memmo]], ([[1612]]) |
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:92- [[Giovanni Bembo]], ([[1615]]) |
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:93- [[Nicolò Donato]], ([[1618]]) |
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:94- [[Antonio Priuli]], ([[1618]]) |
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:95- [[Francesco Contarini]], ([[1623]]) |
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:96- [[Giovanni Cornaro]], ([[1624]]) |
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:97- [[Nicolò Contarini]], ([[1630]]) |
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:98- [[Francesco Erizzo]], ([[1631]]) |
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:99- [[Francesco Molino]], ([[1646]]) |
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:100 [[Carlo Contarini]], ([[1655]]) |
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:101 [[Francesco Cornaro]], ([[1656]]) |
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:102 [[Bertuccio Valiero]], ([[1656]]) |
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:103 [[Giovanni Pesaro]], ([[1658]]) |
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:104 [[Domenico Contarini]], ([[1659]]) |
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:105 [[Nicolò Sagredo]], ([[1674]]) |
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:106 [[Luigi Contarini]], ([[1676]]) |
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:107 [[Marcantonio Giustinian]], ([[1683]]) |
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:108 [[Francesco Morosini]], ([[1688]]) |
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:109 [[Silvestro Valiero]], ([[1694]]) |
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:110 [[Alvise Mocenigo]], ([[1700]]) |
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:111 [[Giovanni Cornaro]], ([[1709]]) |
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:112 [[Sebastiano Mocenigo]], ([[1722]]) |
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:113 [[Carlo Ruzzini]], ([[1732]]) |
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:114 [[Alvise Pisani]], ([[1735]]) |
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:115 [[Pietro Grimani]], ([[1741]]) |
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:116 [[Francesco Loredano]], ([[1752]]) |
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:117 [[Marco Foscarini]], ([[1762]]) |
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:118 [[Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo]], ([[1763)]] |
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:119 [[Paolo Renier]], ([[1779]]) |
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:120 [[Ludovico Manin]], ([[1789]]) |
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Source: Apostolo Zeno, Compendio della storia Veneta,self-published, Venezia, 1847. |
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---- |
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'''Venice''' is also the name of a district of the city of [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]: see [[Venice, California]] |
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Revision as of 16:37, 18 March 2002
Venice (Venezia) is a city in the north-east of Italy at the head of the Adriatic Sea, and the capital of the region of Veneto.
It was founded in the 5th century A.D. by people fleeing the invasions of Italy which were taking place at that time. It was an independent city state (Repubblica Marinara - the other 3 were Genoa, Pisa, Amalfi) for 1070 years until occupied by Napoleon Bonaparte on May 12, 1797. On October 12 Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campoformido ceding Venice to the Austrians who took control of the city on January 18, 1798. The French conqueror brought to an end the most fascinating century of its history: it was the "Settecento" that Venice became perhaps the most elegant and refined town in Europe, influencing art, architecture, and literature.
Venice is famous for its canals. It is built on an archipelago of more than 100 islands in a shallow lagoon. In the ancient classical center, the canals serve the function of roads and every form of transport is exclusively on water. The classical Venetian boat is the "gondola", although it is now mostly used by tourists, or for weddings and funerals or other ceremonies, due to its cost; most Venetian now travel by motorised waterbuses ("vaporetti") or private boats.
The buildings of Venice are built on closely spaced poles, or pilings, which penetrate through alternating layers of clay and sand. Most of these pilings are intact after centuries of submersion. The foundations rest on the pilings, and buildings of brick or stone sit above these footings. The buiildings are often threatened during the flood tides pushing in from the Adriatic between autumn and early spring.
Some recent studies would allow to hope that the city is no longer sinking, but a sure certitude about this point hasn't been achieved yet, therefore the alert-state has not been revoked. The town council, on the contrary, is still studying on defensive plans, one of which would require the building of artificial bareers in the sea to break the strengh of waves.
The sinking effect was most visible in the 20th century when many artesian wells were sunk into the periphery of the lagoon to draw water for local industry. It was realised that this practice was leading to a sinking effect, which has since slowed to very low values since the artesian wells were banned in the 1960s. However, the city is threatened by more frequent low level floods (so-called Acqua alta, "high water") that creep to a height of several centimetres over its quays, regularly following certain tides.
Venice is served by the Marco Polo Airport, Aeroporto di Venezia Marco Polo, named in honor of its famous citizen.
Many works in art recall Venice: most famous is perhaps "Othello".
Places of note
- Piazza San Marco
- Basilica di San Marco
- Doge's Palace
- The Bridge of Sighs
- Palazzo Grassi
- Giudecca
- Minor islands of Burano and Murano
Doges of Venice and the years in which each took office.
- 1-- Paolo Lucio Anafesto, (697)
- 2-- Marcello Tegalliano, (717)
- 3-- Orso Ipato, (726)
- 4-- Teodato Ipato, (742)
- 5-- Galla, (755)
- 6-- Domenico Monegario, (756)
- 7-- Maurizio Galbaio, (764)
- 8-- Giovanni Galbaio, (787)
- 9-- Obelerio Antenoreo, (804)
- 10- Angelo Participazio, (809)
- 11- Giustiniano Participazio, (827)
- 12- Giovanni I Participazio, (829)
- 13- Pietro Tradonico, (837)
- 14- Orso I Participazio, 864)
- 15- Giovanni II Participazio, (881)
- 16- Pietro I Candiano, (887)
- 17- Pietro Tribuno, (888)
- 18- Orso II Participazio, 912)
- 19- Pietro II Candiano, (932)
- 20- Pietro Partcipazio, (939)
- 21- Pietro III Candiano, (942)
- 22- Pietro IV Candiano, (959)
- 23- Pietro I Oseolo, (976)
- 24- Vitale Candiano, (978)
- 25- Tribuno Memmo, (979)
- 26- Pietro II Oseolo, (991)
- 27- Ottone Orseolo, (1009)
- 28- Pietro Barbolano, (1026)
- 29- Domenico Flabanico, (1032)
- 30- Domenico Contarini, (1043)
- 31- Domenico Selvo, (1071)
- 32- Vital Faliero de' Doni, (1084)
- 33- Vital I Michele, (1096)
- 34- Ordelafo Faliero, (1102)
- 35- Domenico Michele, (1117)
- 36- Pietro Polani, (1130)
- 37- Domenico Morosini, (1148)
- 38- Vital II Michele, (1156)
- 39- Sebastian Ziani, (1172)
- 40- Orio Mastropiero, (1178)
- 41- Enrico Dandolo, (1192)
- 42- Pietro Ziani, (1205)
- 43- Jacopo Tiepolo, (1229)
- 44- Marino Merosini, (1249)
- 45- Reniero Zeno, (1252)
- 46- Lorenzo Tiepolo, (1268)
- 47- Jacopo Contarini, (1275)
- 48- Giovanni Dandolo, (1280)
- 49- Pietro Gradenigo, (1289)
- 50- Marino Zorzi, (1311)
- 51- Giovanni Soranzo, (1312)
- 52- Francesco Dandolo, (1328)
- 53- Bartolomeo Gradenigo, (1339)
- 54- Andrea Dandolo, (1342)
- 55- Marino Faliero, (1354)
- 56- Giovanni Gradenigo, (1355)
- 57- Giovanni Delfino, (1356)
- 58- Lorenzo Celsi, (1361)
- 59- Marco Cornaro, (1365)
- 60- Andrea Contarini, (1367)
- 61- Michele Morosini, (1382)
- 62- Antonio Veniero, (1382)
- 63- Michele Steno, (1400)
- 64- Tommaso Mocenigo, (1413)
- 65- Francesco Foscari, (1423)
- 66- Pasqual Malipiero, (1457)
- 67- Cristoforo Moro, (1462)
- 68- Nicolo Trono, (1476)
- 69- Nicolo Marcello, (1473)
- 70- Pietro Mocenigo, (1474)
- 71- Andrea Vendramino, (1476)
- 72- Giovanni Mocenigo, (1478)
- 73- Marco Barbarigo, (1485)
- 74- Agostin Barbarigo, (1486)
- 75- Leonardo Loredano, (1501)
- 76- Antonio Grimani, (1521)
- 77- Andrea Gritti, (1523)
- 78- Pietro Lando, (1538)
- 79- Francesco Donato, (1545)
- 80- Marcantonio Trivisano, (1553)
- 81- Francesco Veniero, (1554)
- 82- Lorenzo Priuli, (1556)
- 83- Giorolamo Priuli, (1559)
- 84- Pietro Loredano, (1567)
- 85- Alvise Mocenigo, (1570)
- 86- Sebastiano Veniero, (1577)
- 87- Nicolò da Ponte, (1578)
- 88- Pasqual Cicogna, (1585)
- 89. Marino Grimani, (1595)
- 90- Leonardo Donato, (1606)
- 91- Marcantonio Memmo, (1612)
- 92- Giovanni Bembo, (1615)
- 93- Nicolò Donato, (1618)
- 94- Antonio Priuli, (1618)
- 95- Francesco Contarini, (1623)
- 96- Giovanni Cornaro, (1624)
- 97- Nicolò Contarini, (1630)
- 98- Francesco Erizzo, (1631)
- 99- Francesco Molino, (1646)
- 100 Carlo Contarini, (1655)
- 101 Francesco Cornaro, (1656)
- 102 Bertuccio Valiero, (1656)
- 103 Giovanni Pesaro, (1658)
- 104 Domenico Contarini, (1659)
- 105 Nicolò Sagredo, (1674)
- 106 Luigi Contarini, (1676)
- 107 Marcantonio Giustinian, (1683)
- 108 Francesco Morosini, (1688)
- 109 Silvestro Valiero, (1694)
- 110 Alvise Mocenigo, (1700)
- 111 Giovanni Cornaro, (1709)
- 112 Sebastiano Mocenigo, (1722)
- 113 Carlo Ruzzini, (1732)
- 114 Alvise Pisani, (1735)
- 115 Pietro Grimani, (1741)
- 116 Francesco Loredano, (1752)
- 117 Marco Foscarini, (1762)
- 118 Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo, (1763)
- 119 Paolo Renier, (1779)
- 120 Ludovico Manin, (1789)
Source: Apostolo Zeno, Compendio della storia Veneta,self-published, Venezia, 1847.
Venice is also the name of a district of the city of Los Angeles, California: see Venice, California